Legal Study Guide Essay

* | ChemoCorp, Inc., makes and sells pesticides. On the off chance that a substance is distinguished as destructive and the damage is inescapable, the Environmental Protection Agency canAnswer| | Right Answer:| b. lead an examination of ChemoCorp’s plant.| | * Question 2 | | Fabio gets by cultivating close to Gastric Combustibles, Inc., which has released poisons into the area’s air and water. In a suit by Fabio for an order against Gastric on the ground of disturbance, the court is well on the way to run in Gastric’s favor ifAnswer| | Right Answer:| c. Gastric’s activity is the center of the nearby economy.| | * Question 3 | | Fried Food, Inc., works a business searing plant, releasing toxins into the air. Greg reports the infringement to the Environmental Protection Agency. GregAnswer| | Right Answer:| b. might be settled up to $10,000.| | * Question 4 | | Congress orders air quality enactment. To actualize and uphold this law, as is run of the mill of other natural rules and guidelines, the government will doubtlessly depend onAnswer| | Selected Answer:| a. all degrees of government.| Right Answer:| a. all degrees of government.| | * Question 5 1 out of 1 focuses | | Industrial Solvents, Inc., midpoints $15,000 benefit every prior day choosing to disregard air contamination guidelines, after which the normal is $30,000. Modern Solvents is dependent upon a fine ofAnswer| | Right Answer:| a. $30,000 per day.| | * Question 6 | | Quickly Motor Company makes the Rock, another model of game utility vehicle, and sells it at the market’s most minimal cost. The Rock doesn't, be that as it may, fulfill government discharge norms and Quickly neglects to keep up important, required records. The Environmental Protection Agency may assessAnswer| | Right Answer:| a. common punishments, extra fines, and criminal penalties.| | * Question 7 | | Under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (the Ocean Dumping Act), Bayside Chemical Company may dump its concoction squander into the oceanAnswer| | Right Answer:| b. not at all.| | * Question 8 | | Truckers Storage Depot, a privately owned business, needs to fabricate a distribution center on private land. For this activity, a natural effect explanation isAnswer| | Right Answer:| c. unnecessary.| | * Question 9 | | Consolidated Trucking Company transports radioactive materials. Darla experiences malignancy. To prevail in a suit against Consolidated on the ground of exacting obligation, Darla must show that her physical issue was caused byAnswer| | Right Answer:| d. Consolidated’s operation.| | * Question 10 | | Fruitful Garden Company makes and sells pesticides. For the pesticides to stay available, the worthy degree of hazard to individuals of creating malignant growth from presentation to the items isAnswer| | Right Answer:| a. one-in-a-million.|

History of Classroom Inclusion essays

History of Classroom Inclusion papers The abuse of people with handicaps in the past was ordinary. Mentalities started to change with expanded logical understanding and law based qualities. Uncommon schools for the hard of hearing and visually impaired were created. Debilitated people were viewed as fit for learning. Conditions in foundations for the intellectually sick and hindered turned out to be increasingly compassionate. The main government laws of the United States intended to help people with incapacities were passed in 1798 (Bauer During the nineteenth century, reformers pushed for new and progressively empathetic foundations. Numerous youngsters particularly those with serious or various incapacities were overlooked. Before the section of the government enactment ordering administrations for the understudies with incapacities, these people were routinely and lawfully avoided from school (Mastropieri Since World War II fast changes happened in understudy enlistment, instructor preparing projects and state support. A national move in theory developed because of the arrival of injured war veterans. They restricted having inefficient existences separate from their abled peers. The new pattern was toward incorporation and making people lives as typical as could be expected under the circumstances (Bauer Numerous twentieth century improvements added to the progression of a custom curriculum. It has been formed by government law, the social equality development and related legal disputes, and changing social and political convictions (Friend ... <!

Childs future life chances

Childs future life possibilities Your life possibilities and openings rely upon the social conditions of the family you were naturally introduced to. talk about drawing upon scholastic writing and research models The probability of a youngster prevailing in life is still to a great extent dictated by their familys salary and social position. This paper will start by presenting the discussions which base on this subject. It will at that point proceed to look at four key spaces which influence a Childs future life possibilities: family salary, instruction, class status and family foundation. The idea of life chances was initially presented by Max Weber who accepted that components, for example, low, financial position, status and force were interlinked and together introduced the issue of more unfortunate life risks later on. In current writing life chances means the open doors which are accessible for individuals to improve there personal satisfaction later on for instance access to quality instruction. A portion of these impacts are probably going to be influenced by the social conditions of the family to which they are naturally introduced to. This could be legitimately: knowledgeable guardians, taking everything into account, will most likely give a more mentally invigorating home-life than those guardians who left school early. Different impacts will be circuitous: better-taught guardians may have higher than normal livelihoods and henceforth have the option to back instructive outings, or in different approaches to give life upgrading encounters to their posterity. a portion of these extra open doors will be combined, fortifying other positive attributes, while others may serve to make up for certain types of burden. A few people accept that it is carefully qualities that influence our chances throughout everyday life. Research concentrating on the causal connection among qualities and ensuing IQ, run from 0 to 80% this gives conflicting outcomes. Late research, has proposed that hereditary and natural variables are not particular determinants of knowledge and life possibilities. Rather it is the communication between these two elements which offers ascend to a childs knowledge levels. The job that support needs to play in creating knowledge is unmistakably exhibited from information distributed by Inequality in the early subjective improvement of British kids. The information recommended that the social conditions of the family impacted future instructive accomplishment. Those kids raised in families with low Socio-monetary Status (SES) with achievement levels positioned as low, at 22 months, were likewise inclined to have low accomplishment at age ten. Then again those youngsters from a high SE S foundation were as prone to show high accomplishment at age ten, regardless of whether their achievement was positioned low at 22 months. This information proposes that it is support and the social conditions of the family which impacts the future odds of these kids and not their underlying hereditary capacities. Mayer takes note of that youngsters who are naturally introduced to low pay guardians likewise appear to have less accomplishment than those guardians who have more cash. Youngsters from low salary families likewise will in general score lower on measurers of subjective capacity, bound to drop put of school, to have conduct issues and basically acquire less in later life. This is definitely exhibited in a 1970 British partner study indicating that at age 26 youthful grown-ups experience a profit punishment of 9% on the off chance that they were raised in a family with a pay beneath a large portion of the normal (in the wake of controlling for instructive achievement) in this manner this proposes youngsters from poor foundations are lopsidedly seen at the lower end of the income dissemination when they are in work. Further research in the US by Isaac (2007) which concentrated on the intergenerational part of salary concentrating on families financial position and how this is affected by that of there guardians: He found that 42 percent of youngsters destined to guardians in the base fifth of the monetary circulation stay in this area as grown-ups with just 23 percent ascending to the subsequent fifth, in the mean time 39 percent of kids destined to guardians at the highest point of the pay dissemination stay at the top, with just 23 percent moving downwards to the subsequent fifth. From this examination alone it is obvious to see that a guardians pay is impacting there childrens future pay openings. One potential explanation behind this distinction is that of social class. The job of SES is all around recorded in the writing concerning life possibilities. Utilizing the National Child Development Stufies and the British Cohort study, Carneiro et al (2007) and Blanden et al (2006) showed that there is unmistakably a solid connection between a childs social and intellectual capacities and their folks SES. This has been shown by Fienstein (2003) who found that those kids who were initially raised in low financial status foundation who scored ineffectively on subjective tests at an early age were bound to stay with low scores as they became through the existence course, anyway those kids from a higher financial status with lowe scores were significantly more liable to make up for lost time. These outcomes from the NCDS and the BCS do take into consideration useful criticism However so as to test the legitimacy of these discoveries it is significant that these connections are tried all through ages. This ongoing examination has been completed by Sylva et al (2007) who dissected information from an ongoing project the Effective Pre-School and Primary Education (EPPE) program which intended to test childrens intellectual accomplishment (perusing and arithmetic) from that age of three as far as possible of Key Stage 2.

Ged Essay Writing Samples Secrets

Ged Essay Writing Samples Secrets Add ideas for examples you need to have in your essay. Practicing the elements of excellent essay writing is helpful regardless of what topic you concentrate on. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. You're not given a choice about what sort of essay you will write. Some ideas to pick the ideal essay writing service In order to learn to analyze the information provided and make the correct decision whilst reading the very best essay writing service reviews, you want to understand how to pick the ged practice essay qyestions service which are going to be able to cover all of your academic writing needs. Any of the aforementioned questions can be utilized as a GED essay topic, and you need to be prepared to react to such prompts. Besides regular essay instructions, a sample response is supplied for review. A summary of the word evidence on ged essay. This portion of the story is really not particularly special. If you obey the particular example through, it's simpler for the reader to learn what you mean. Ged Essay Writing Samples Fundamentals Explained Sample GED Extended Response passages are all very much like the ones you will notice on your true exam prompt, so they work nicely for familiarizing yourself with the form of reading you wi ll have to do. It is possible to likewise do the essays offered in the very first section of each one of the tests in the Official Study Guide. Part II is a test to figure out how well it is possible to use written language to spell out your ideas. Organization Being familiar with the fundamental elements of the GED Extended Response essay structure will help you once you're writing under time restrictions. These questions will allow you to increase your Accuplacer test score. Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. This content isn't endorsed or accepted by ACE or GED Testing Service. Understanding how to read, write and solve problems is essential if you're planning to take the GED. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment very quickly and can help you boost your grades. When it's tough to compose an essay in 45 minutes, begin by taking more time. You only have to put assignment for our writer team working with a distinctive form. You need to contact their scores, it into a well you're able to provide you're not endorsed or obtained. Questions will concentrate on specific regions of the exercise together with time constraints. Now it's your time to inform us whether you're content with the results. Stick to the fundamental rules of any. You begin by asking a question, which is a great way to get started. To begin with, you must realize that however much unpredictable the topic could be, practice still makes perfect sense. Have a look at each question carefully and take a small time to work out the topic and what type of answer is going to be expected. The only problem includes grammar problems like harmful rather than harm in the question at the start. Try to remember, you are going to want to support your primary idea with examples from the reading. At this time you could be thinking, Ughhh I need to read a lot of books to write on a huge project in this way. There are several things it is possible to write about! Very good examples can persuade your reader to realize your point of view whilst adding words to help you accomplish your 200-word limit. Don't forget that you're NOT writing your opinion on the subject. The most suitable selection of topic is vitally important. Actually, you may pick any topic which you find interesting. Otherwise, you are able to look around you and select an interesting social topic. Ged Essay Writing Samples - the Story On account of the increasing number of folks pursuing the GED, there's a demand for ideas on how to get ready for the test. Whenever you choose to ask us for skilled support, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. More than being the end goal of an individual, gaining a GED certification has to be viewed as the launch of a nice and stable life. If you believe that you cannot cope with the task you'd better request expert assistance.

Language Functions in English

A language function explains why someone says something. For example, if you are teaching a class youll have to give instructions. Giving Instructions is the language function. Language functions then require certain  grammar. To use our example, giving instructions requires the use of the imperative. Open your books.Insert the DVD into the drive.Purchase your ticket online. There is a wide range of language functions. Here are examples of guessing, expressing wishes and persuading—all language functions.   Guessing He might be busy today.She must be at work if shes not at home.Maybe shes got a new boyfriend! Expressing Wishes I wish I had five million dollars!If I could choose, Id buy the blue car.  Id like to have a steak, please.   Persuading   I think youll find our product is the best you can buy.Come on, lets go have some fun! What can it hurt?If you give me a moment, I can explain why we should do this deal. Thinking about which language function youd like to use helps you learn phrases used to accomplish these tasks. For example, if you want to make a suggestion youll use these phrases: How about ...Lets ...Why dont we ...Id suggest we ... Using Language Function in Your Learning Its important to learn correct grammar such as the tenses, and when to use relative clauses. However, if you think about it, its probably just as important to know why you want to say something. What is the purpose? What is the language function? Teaching Language Functions Teaching language functions can lead to confusion at times as its common to use a wide range of grammatical structures for each function. For example, when expressing wishes students might use the present simple (I want ...), conditional sentences (If I had the money, I could ...), the verb wish for past and present wishes (I wish I had a new car / I wish she had come to the party), and so on. When teaching, its best to mix language functions with grammar. Provide functional language as students are ready to learn. In the example above, using I wish I could go to the party will likely confuse lower level students. On the other hand, Id like to go to the party or I want to go to the party is appropriate for lower level classes.   Generally speaking, the more advanced a student becomes the more they will be able to explore language and improve increasingly subtle functional demands. Heres a short overview of some of the most important language functions by level. Students should be able to accomplish each task by the end of the course. Naturally, students should also master language functions of lower levels: Beginning Level Expressing likesDescribing people, places, and thingsAsking yes / no and information questionsComparing people, places, and thingsOrdering food in a restaurantExpressing abilities Intermediate Level Making predictionsComparing and contrasting people, places, and thingsDescribing spatial and time relationsRelating past eventsExpressing opinionsShowing preferences  Making suggestionsAsking for and giving adviceDisagreeing  Asking for a favor Advanced Level Persuading someoneGeneralizing about topicsInterpreting dataHypothesizing and speculatingSummarizing  Sequencing a presentation or speech Grammar-Based Learning or Function-Based Learning? Some courses try to focus on only functional based English. However, I find these courses fall short as the focus is often on NOT speaking about grammar. Unfortunately, students need explanations. Focusing only on function can turn into an exercise of just memorizing specific phrases for specific situations. Mixing the two gradually as students improve their understanding of the underlying grammar will help students put appropriate phrases into use to obtain their functional goals.

Moult Hall - 982 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report was commissioned by the committee of the North West Trust for the Protection of Wildlife to analyses the financial statements of two project proposals for the Trust. The First statement is a projection profit statement for running a quad bike activity center by Winston Barkwith. The Second and Third statement are a comparison of Johnathans and Ingrids proposal without or with Local Authority funding. Findings: Winstons proposal does not appear to be in the best interests of the Trust in relation to its three main aims. Questions remain to be answered about the source of Revenue for Winstons proposal. Johnathan and Ingrids proposal with the prospect of Local Authority funding and is deeply in the†¦show more content†¦There is no mention of where Winstons set up costs come from - we are not told if they are financed or paid for and will the trust be expected to fund these? The Surplus money from Winstons project is going to him it is not being re-invested in the Trust. NON-FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS Winstons proposal does not fit in with the three aims of the trust: The natural habitat of the Kites and other wildlife maybe destroyed as a new track will be built and existing trees will be cut down. The petrol pollution from the Quads may kill the small rodents which is the main food source for red kites. The local residents and community will not benefit from the local countryside. Health and safety laws would have to be considered if it was to remain open to the public. Winstons proposal does not facilitate the education of the regions young people. The local residents and community may be unhappy if they hear what they have lost through Winstons proposal. They may even protest against the felling of trees and new tracks been made. It could attract a lot of unwanted attention for Winston from the media. Eco warriors could take up residence in the woodland. Winstons Rich clients may not like the unwanted attention and theyShow MoreRelatedQuestions: Budgeting and Business Planning2081 Words   |  9 PagesLong-term Financial Benefits Long-term the proposals will give different outcomes. The committee needs to decide on how long they want to keep moult hall? If they want it as a long term asset which can help with their aims? Or do they want a longer term money making scheme to boost revenue which can be used in areas they already control. Environment Moult Hall comes with a huge area of woodland, they needs to consider the effects on the local plant life and wildlife that any proposal could have. TheyRead MoreThe Impact Of Centennial Parklands On The World s Most Visited Public Parklands2148 Words   |  9 Pagesthat has a collar of orange/brown fully encircling its neck (Hall 1987). Thick leg fur extends to the ankle, in contrast to other Pteropus species in which it only reaches the knee (Hall 1987; Tidemann 1998). As its name implies, the head is covered by light grey fur (Hall 1987). The belly fur is grey, often with flecks of white and ginger. The fur on the back shows two morphs which could be related to age, moult or sub-population (Hall Richards 2000). One morph has dark grey fur and the other hasRead MoreCritical Analysis of Health Promotion Leaflet1585 Words   |  7 Pagesskills (Godsell and Scarborough 2006). Appendix 1 has a medical diagram and five individual close-up portraits of girls of school age, there are r elaxed and smiling giving the impression that the vaccination is a positive and straightforward experience (Hall et al 2007). There are 5 health promotion approaches that consist of: behavioural change approach; societal change approach; medical approach; educational approach and client-centred approach (Ewles and Simnett 2003). Appendix 1 uses the educationalRead MoreUnderstanding And Combat Weight Bias9848 Words   |  40 PagesFoundation Graduate Research Fellowships (Lick, Hunger) as well as a Clara Mayo Grant from the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (Lick). Correspondence should be addressed to David Lick, UCLA Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563 or via email to david.lick@ucla.edu. Abstract Weight bias is among the most pernicious forms of contemporary prejudice, yet methods for combating it remain drastically understudied. Here, we draw upon recent

Company Law New Edition Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about theCompany Lawfor New Edition Pty Ltd. Answer: In the present case scenario there are two public limited companies namely Lipton-Herzberg Ltd and Welsh Ltd. The directors of the present company intend to start a business in the form of a new company namely New Edition Pty Ltd. The question arising in this case is whether the new company should be dependent on simply the replaceable rules or whether the company should have its own constitution (Hill, 2010). Hence it is necessary to understand the importance of the both the aspects and determine their usefulness for the company. Thus it is necessary that both are differentiated and their characteristics and importance with respect to a new company should be determined. The governing legislation that deals with aspects of constitution and replaceable rules is the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). The purpose of replaceable rules is to facilitate companies with dynamism and freedom to follow an existing set of rules compared to engaging itself in preparing their new constitution. Thus it is completely dependent on the two companies mentioned in the case scenario whether the internal governance of the company will be based on the replaceable rules, the general constitution which is available during the incorporation of the company or a new constitution (Martynova and Renneboog, 2010). In the present case the replaceable rules will be automatically applicable if the two companies intend to keep the constitution setting to be a part of their internal management. Again if the new company is to have their own constitution but certain sections of the constitution are not included, the replaceable rules will be effective on those aspects unless the constitution have modified or changed them. Section 141 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) deals with certain provisions applied as replaceable rules. These rules are concerned with operation and management of the company. Section 198 C defines a managing director (Martynova and Renneboog, 2011). From the present case a nominated person of the Lipton-Herzberg Ltd has to be appointed as the managing director of the new company. The managing director cannot be removed unless agreed upon by the company. The replaceable rules also mentions about the voting rights of the directors in directors meetings. In the case of ordinary shares there could be six votes per share and in case of preference shares there would be one vote per share. Thus replaceable rules also mention details of way to call directors meeting and the required quorum for the meeting. Thus the list of provisions mentioned in the replaceable rules suggests their importance for the management of a company (Heenetigala et al., 2011). Thus for a constitution to be valid all the provisions of replaceable rules must be present and fulfil the requirements. However in the present case the new company is a proprietary company. The replaceable rules mentioned in the case study will not be effective unless a constitution is made with respect to the new proprietary company (Boros, 2010). This is because the company will have no formal internal governance. Thus for the replaceable rules to be applicable on the directors and shareho lders of the new company it is important that a new constitution is adopted for the new company. A constitution of a company refers to a document which contains rules governing the relationship between the director and the company secretary or the company and each of its shareholders. Hence there is no particular prescribed method to be followed. A constitution is formally adopted by a company when they decide to govern the business through a special resolution. However initially the company can follow an existing constitution or replaceable rules and can create the constitution at a later date. Thus a special resolution needs to be passed which requires 21 days notice (Adams et al., 2011). This is applicable with respect to the present proprietary company. However in case the company is a publicly listed company 28 days notice is to be provided. The agreement will be concluded if 75% of the votes casted are in favour of the forming of the constitution. Thus aspects like objects of the business and modus operandi are important facets and if they are changed will require special resolution and modification of the constitution. Thus for the governance of a company it is important that regular replaceable rules may not suit with the business requirements of the newly formed business. Thus both the companies in this case should take reference to the Corporations Act 2001 and the basic constitution they received on the incorporation of the new company (Godwin, 2015). The rules should match the needs of the company. Otherwise they have to modify the document. This can be done by adopting a new constitution if the company is to be based on the existing replaceable rules. References Adams, M. A., Armstrong, A., Clarke, A., Clarke, T., Eddie, I., Heenetigala, K., ... Richardson, A. (2011). Developing a responsive regulatory system for Australia's small corporations: governance for small business. Boros, E. (2010). How Does the Division of Power Between the Board and the General Meeting Operate.Adel. L. Rev.,31, 169. Godwin, A. (2015). Teaching corporations law from a transactional perspective and through the use of experiential techniques.Legal Educ. Rev.,25, 221. Heenetigala, K., Armstrong, A., Clarke, A. (2011). Corporate regulation and corporate governance of small businesses in Australia.Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics,6(3), 43-52. Hill, J. G. (2010). The Architecture of Corporate Governance in Australia-Corporate Governance-National Report: Australia. Martynova, M., Renneboog, L. (2010). A corporate governance index: convergence and diversity of national corporate governance regulations. Martynova, M., Renneboog, L. (2011). Evidence on the international evolution and convergence of corporate governance regulations.Journal of Corporate Finance,17(5), 1531-1557.

Everyman Script - Our Interpretation free essay sample

The summoning of everyman And doth of our lives and ending show. Look well, take heed To thy ending, For sin, though in the beginning so sweet, Yet doth cause In the end for the soul to weep, When the body teeth In clay. How will fade from thee as flowers in may, Thy strength and thy beauty, thy pleasure and folly, When thou art called to a reckoning, Like everyman, to out heavenly King. Give audience and hear our play. Gods messenger comes,List to what he doth say. Gabriel l, Gabriel am, Gods messenger am l. Here on earth for yet this little time, I see how all HIS creatures Be to their God unkind. Drowned in sin, in worldly riches is all their mind, They fear no more His anger, the sharp rod Man, on this earth, forgotten his God. So therefore now, with all the speed he can, God will a reckoning take of everyman! Death Here am l, Death. We will write a custom essay sample on Everyman Script Our Interpretation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Come at your will. Gods every commandment to fulfill. I will claim everyman that lively Ill, That threaded not folly, nor fears Gods will, And he that loves riches I will strike with my dart.In hell shall he dwell, world without end. I see everyman walking, Little he think of my coming. Everyman stand still! From God out of his Majesty. A reckoning from thee He must have, Thy many bad deeds, and good but a few I am death that all men threaded Thy God, thy life and deeds to show Thee with me on a Journey must go I care not for gold, nor silver, nor riches, Nor pope, nor emperor, king nor princes. Thee must get thee gone on thy Journey today. Everyman Oh Death, thou comets when I had thee least in mind. A thousand pounds and more thou shall have,If thou comets to me on another day. This is the day, That no man living may escape away. To whom were it best my sorrow to show? What if to Fellowship I should speak? We have in the world for many a day Been most good friends in sport and play. I trust he will bear me company, Well met, good Fellowship, and good morrow! Fellowship Everyman, good morrow to thee this day! Why looks thou so piteously? If anything be amiss, tell me, I pray, That I may help find remedy. My true friend I will not forsake thee. That was well spoken and lovingly. If any have wronged you, ye shall revenged be,Though I on the ground be slain for thee. Commanded I am to go a long way, A Journey hard and dangerous, And give account without delay, Before almighty God, my Lord. Wherefore I pray you bear me company, As you have promised on this Journey. This is another matter, Promise is duty, true. And, Fellowship thou didst promise! But if such a Journey I should go, I know it well, it would be to my woe. And when, my friend, should we come again? Till the Day of Doom, never again. In faith then, I will not come there! For no man that is living today. Will I go on that fearful way!Oh, Fellowship, you swore by Gods head, You would never forsake me, quick or dead. I know what I said! But if thou wouldst eat and drink And make good cheer, I would not forsake thee while the day is clear. But will not bear me company today. I have loved thee long, then remember me, Aid me in my necessity! Whether thee hast loved me or no, Farewell, good Fellowship, for thee my heart is sore. Adieu forever, I shall see thee no more. To Kindred will I go indeed. Praying her to help me in my need. I believe she will do so, For kind will stay where friendship dare not go. How be ye now my friend? Kindred Why, here I be at your command! I pray you show me your intent. I thank thee Kindred. I am commanded by a messenger, That is the High Kings chiefs officer. He bade me ago pilgrimage of pain, And I know full well I shall never come again. Therefore, I pray you go with me. Take good heart to thyself and make no moan. As for me, thou shall go alone. Make the Journey together, if thou agree? No, by my faith, I have cramp in my toe. Kindred, wilt thou not go with me? I will deceive thee in thy most need. Wilt thou go with me or stay behind?Beauty is sin, That will I and I may, (sarcastic) Farewell, till another day. Fair promises did all men to me make, But when I have most need they me forsake. Yet in my mind a thing there is, All my life I have loved riches. All my life I have loved riches. [ALL] If that my Goods now help she might, She would make my heart full light. Where art thou, my Goods and Riches? Goods Who calls me? L, thy master! Come! Money make all right that is wrong! I desire of thee today. Everyman (Tristan) I have loved thee and had great pleasure All the days of my life in goods and treasure.What wouldst thou have? For counsel I desire of thee today It is not in this world, I tell thee so, I am sent for another way to go. Therefore I need thee to go with me, For all my life I have had Joy from thee Money make all right that is wrong. Nay, Everyman, I sing another song, I follow no man such a way along. For thou wouldst find if I went with thee, Thou wouldst fare much the worse for me. I needs must laugh, I cannot be sad, Whereof I am glad. I pray thee to go with me indeed Go with thee? Nay! This world is my way, Therefore I bid thee good day.To whom shall I now make my heavy moan? Or must I go this fearful way alone? I go to my Good Deeds, But alas she is so weak, That she can neither stand nor speak. My Good Deeds, where art thou? Good Deeds Thy sins have me so sore bound Here I lie, cold on the ground. Everyman I heard thee tell, That thou art called, account to make Before the Lord of heaven and hell Oh, Good Deeds, wilt thou go with me? If thou heads but remembered me, Thy book of accounts full ready would be Good Deeds I pray thee help me in this need, Or else I am forever lost indeed! Though for thy sins I am thus laid lowI have a sister called Knowledge who shall with thee go. Knowledge Everyman, I will go with thee and be thy guide, In thy most need to go by thy side. With everyman I will go and not spare His good works will I help him to declare. Now Everyman be merry and glad, Thy Good Deeds cometh now, Thou may not be sad. Everyman, pilgrim, my special friend, Blessed be thou, world without end. For thee eternal glory is in store, It will abide by thee for evermore. Be no more sad, but ever rejoice. God seethe thy living from his throne above. Everyman, I will bide with thee.Thou shall find me a friend to thee indeed. All earthly things are but vanity. Beauty, strength, discretion do thee forsake, Foolish friends and kinsmen that fair speak. All fleet save Good Deeds and that am l. Kneel down and ask mercy, God shall thou find in that place, He will lend thee his grace I cry thee mercy in thy presence. Wash from me my vice unclean. That in me may no sin be seen How all I loved best have forsaken me, Have mercy on me, God most mighty! Here I cry, God pardon me! Into thy hands, Lord, my soul I commend Into thy hands, Oh, most mighty one I commend my spirit!

Pursuit of Efficiency and Effectiveness

Pursuit of Efficiency and Effectiveness Introduction The world is increasingly becoming competitive due to the emergence of new firms in various industries. According to Phipps (2011, p. 275), firms are finding themselves under increased pressure to deliver products of very high quality, but at subsidized prices to attract customers. Delivering products of high quality at reduced prices is not an easy task.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pursuit of Efficiency and Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because the cost of production has consistently been on the rise. Firms are finding themselves at awkward positions where they have to pay for the increased processes related to acquisition of raw materials and labor. It is not an easy undertaking for a firm to deliver products using inputs that are more expensive and still afford to charge competitive prices. However, there is no option for these firms. They must find ways through which they can maintain their competitive prices while at the same time increasing their products’ value. It is through this that they will be assured of an increased market share in the industries they operate. In order to achieve this, firms have realized that they have to maintain high efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The process of delivering products to the market must be very efficient. In this case, the efficiency involves ensuring the process takes place at the least possible cost within the shortest time possible. Effectiveness will be ensured by making sure the factors of production deliver output as expected. The management must be in control of these factors of production in order to deliver the desired results. There has been an argument that the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness in the production process comes at the expense of the welfare of the workforce. Those who support this line of thinking argue that when the management emphasizes on producti on efficiency and effectiveness, it would always come at the expense of human resource. This is mainly because human resource is a factor of production. In order to enhance efficiency, there must be a reduced cost of production in the firm. This means that in the quest to lower this cost, the management will make an effort to cut the cost of labor in the firm. This would result into a scenario where the management will try to make maximum use of labor force at the least cost possible. This means that the management will try to exploit the workforce. This exploitation is what is referred to as lack of consideration for the welfare of the workforce. This research examines the claims that management’s pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness has been at the expense of labor’s welfare.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Management’s Pursuit of Efficien cy and Effectiveness Comes According to Bowey (2005, p. 19), the human resource is the most important asset in the organization. The above scholar argues that for a firm to achieve its objectives, it must find a way of making employees part of the objectives. The workers are always responsible for the implementation of projects in the organization. The main input of employees is directly proportional to the overall output of the firm. When they work with motivation, their efforts will always be transferred to the overall output of the firm. The managements of some organizations have abused their employees despite their full knowledge of the impact these employees have on their organizations. These managers therefore consider using other mechanisms to ensure that employees do what is expected. There are cases where employees are forced to undertake duties against their wish because of the threats meted out by the management. According to Waddell, Jones, and George (2011, p. 112), the era when managers used carrot and stick tactics to make employees do what they want is long gone. Although some management units consider using punitive measures to motivate their employees in undertaking some important assignments, this strategy is outdated. When an employee works under such pressures, the drive ceases to a motivating factor and turns out to be fear. They develop fear that when they fail to do as expected and they might face the wrath of the management. The research done by Caldari (2007, p. 64) shows that some managers over emphasize the effectiveness and efficiency of their production at the expense of their employees. In such instances, employees are forced to work for overtime hours even if it is against their wish. In such instances, the management would demand that employees meet the set goals even if the goal is way beyond the original jurisdiction of the employee as signed during the hiring process. Some of the managements have opted to have a leaner workf orce as a way of increasing efficiency. These managements consider retrenching their employees whenever they feel the organization can run with a lesser number of employees. Retrenchment always has a ripple effect that results to massive negative effect both to the retrenched employees and to the remaining workforce. It is true that part of improving efficiency of an organization may involve having a lean, but very effective workforce. However, some managers always retrench employees in total disregard to the well-being of their employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pursuit of Efficiency and Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The retrenched employees will have to look for alternative source of income. This will have a direct impact not only to them as individuals, but also to their families and other benefactors. To the remaining employees, their motivation will be reduced to the lowest level possib le. They will be working in constant fear that at any moment, their job may be terminated. This lack of job security is an abuse to the welfare of the employees. When other employees are retrenched, the remaining workforce will develop a sense of loss at the workplace. This is because those they had developed close ties with are forced out of the firm unceremoniously. These scholars also believe that when emphasis is laid on the efficiency and effectiveness of the factors of production, the welfare of the employees will be forgotten.  Employees are human beings with normal feelings. In order to protect their welfare, they should be awarded various incentives that will not only make them motivated in their work, but also make them renewed to deliver more in their respective areas of work. As such, there is need to ensure that they are given fully paid leave, teambuilding seminars, end-year parties to celebrate the achievements within that particular year, a pay rise to appreciate i mproved productivity among other incentives. However, most managements do not consider awarding their employees these incentives when their focus in on efficiency. They would consider the resources- in terms of money and time- ‘wasted’ in offering these incentives enough to increase part of production. As Caldari (2007, p. 61) says, whenever the management gives emphasis to efficiency and effectiveness, the welfare of the employees would be ignored. Schwartz (2007, p. 51) says that the argument that management’s pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness comes at the expense of labors’ welfare is not valid. This scholar observes that employees are always at the core of the production process. They are part of the organization, and for a firm to be able to succeed in its undertaking, there must be the goodwill from the employees. A firm may not operate as a distinct unit from its employees. The employees are the component of an organization, which helps in ens uring that the organization’s objectives are on the track. For this reason, when the management focuses on efficiency and effectiveness of its production process, the employees will be part of their focus.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most cases, lack of efficiency within an organization does not mean that the welfare of the employees is well taken care of within the firm. In fact, the opposite can be said to be the truth. This is because when an organization is not efficient and effective in its production process, then it would most likely register losses. A firm that registers losses cannot be considered able to meet the welfare of its employees. This is because it will lack the financial power to meet most of its obligations. Improving efficiency means improving every segment of a firm, with employees being part of it. It means ensuring that every section of the organization performs optimally. It is a scenario where the focus of the management is both on the employees and on the production. Blake and Mouton’s managerial theory below helps bring out this point much clearly. Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid Black and Mouton’s managerial grid is one of the most important leadership the ories in the contemporary world. The grid is as shown below. As evidenced from the above grid, the theory gives emphasis on concern for people and concern for production. As a leader, there is always a concern to ensure that the organization functions effectively (Sikula, Olmosk, Kim, Cupps 2001, p. 18). This can be measured by increased productivity of the firm. This theory says that productivity should not be overemphasized at the expense of employees. Employees are very valuable to any organization and their interest should be taken care. The need for productivity should be balanced with the need to protect the employees. At level 1.1, the graph shows there is impoverished management where employees concern is not taken care of and production is poor. At (9,1), emphasis is laid on task, while taking middle ground (5.5) would help the firm achieve its objectives moderately with moderately satisfied employees. At level 1, 9, emphasis is given on concern for employees. The best gr id is at 9.9, which always referred to as team management. Employees concern is emphasized while ensuring that production is put at maximum levels possible. Basing leadership upon this theory, a leader would need to realize that for there to be a change in the production, the change should start with the employees. The employees should feel that the management cares for them. When this is achieved, it is easier for the management to introduce change. In order to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in the production process, the management must consider both the welfare of the employees, and the productivity of all sections of the organization.  This theory above clearly demonstrates that seeking efficiency does not mean ignoring the welfare of the employees. In essence, it means ensuring that while the interests of the employees are well taken care of, the management should maximize the productivity of the employees and other factors of production to improve the productivity of th e firm. When a firm becomes more efficient and effective, it would increase its productivity and profitability in the market. This would translate to increased financial power. With the increased financial power, such a firm can afford to offer its employees a better pay, thereby improving their welfare. Schwartz (2007, p. 84) says that focusing on the efficiency and effectiveness within the firm is a process that cannot be achieved if the welfare of the employees is ignored. In order to ensure that employees give their best effort within the firm, there is always a need to ensure that employees are motivated, and are in support of what is being proposed by the management. There is need to ensure that the objectives of the organization is intertwined with that of employees. Conclusion Some scholars argue that when the management focuses on efficiency and effectiveness in the firm, there is likelihood that the welfare of the employees will be ignored. Although their arguments are fac tual, there is no absolute truth regarding the matter. It is not possible to ignore the welfare of the employees and succeed in achieving efficiency and effectiveness of the firm. This argument is therefore invalid based on the discussion above. List of References Bowey, A 2005, Motivation: the art of putting theory into practice, Organisation Advice and Research, vol. 1, no. 20, pp. 17-20. Caldari, K 2007, Alfred Marshall’s critical analysis of scientific management, Euro. J. History of Economic Thought, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 55 – 78. Phipps, S 2011, Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary: In a male-dominated field, women contributed by bringing a touch of spirituality to early management theory and practice, Journal of Management History, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 270-281. Schwartz, M 2007, The â€Å"business ethics† of management theory, Journal of Management History, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 43-54. Sikula, A, Olmosk, K, Kim, C Cupps, S 2001, A New Theory of Management, Ethics and B ehavior, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 3-21. Waddell, D, Jones, R, George, J 2011, Contemporary Management, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Limited, Sydney.

The Four Forces of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Four Forces of Evolution - Essay Example In evolution, the population has a greater significance because it refers to the change in the characteristics of a population over many generations and not the individual change during their lifetimes (Fogiel 908). As stated earlier, an individual cannot evolve but a population can as allelic frequencies (genetic make up and the expression of the developmental potential) of a given population can change over time. This is called microevolution which accounts for the diversity of life on earth. But when do we become aware of evolution and how do we began to understand its concept? The molecular basis of evolution started with the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules in 1953. Through biological reproduction, each living organisms inherit a combination of genes from biological parents and creates a unique new individual (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 27). Aside from this biological reproduction, creation theories from different religions around the world also expl ains the diversity of life. ... Mutation is the random alteration of genetic material that produces new variation (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 40). With random mutations or variation, population can change over time in accordance with the changes that occurred in the environment because the creation of a new allele may create a modified protein for a new biological task. In humans, for instance, the only possible evolutionary mutations occurred in sex cells when mistakes occur during copying and cell division. Thus, this is in contrary with the layman’s conception of mutation and evolution as mutations and evolutions arise continuously in all species. Mutations have positive and negative effects but most of it are neutral in nature. Some of the negative effects are the results of the presence of mutant genes, a gene abnormality that leads to certain hereditary disorders like muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, Parkinson’s disease, etc. While cellular mutations directly involve genetic factors, e nvironmental factors may also play a vital role in the occurrence of mutation. Antibiotics, dyes, chemicals used in the preservation of food, and radiation are just a few examples. Research also suggests that the amount of stress a human can endure increases the mutation traits needed for adaptation (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 40). Meanwhile, genetic drift refers to the evolutionary force of chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 41). In short, this refers to the changes at the population level because of â€Å"chance events† such as disasters that can kill a greater number of population. A perfect example of genetic drift is the founder effects – a case that

World Hunger Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Hunger - Assignment Example In addition to approaching the issue from the sociological imagination there are a number of key issues researchers must consider. This essay presents a broad sociological overview of the primary issues surrounding world hunger. While a great degree of altruism through government donations and non-profit organizations have attempted to solve world hunger through direct food donations, it’s clear that this is only a short-term solution to a long-term problem. Instead, solving world hunger requires that government organizations worked towards aiding developing nations through building infrastructure and improving overall economics. One of the main points within this spectrum of understanding is that there is not a lack of food to feed individuals, but rather a lack of infrastructure and structural efficiency to see that the found makes its way to the right people. Consider this statement, â€Å"As shown in the Genetically Engineered Food and Human Population sections on this we b site, people are hungry not due to lack of availability of food, but because people do not have the ability to purchase food and because distribution of food is not equitable† (Shaw).

Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water Essay Example for Free

Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water Essay Things tend to go wrong at higher temperatures because at higher temperatures (60iC+) the dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate starts to decompose. This removes the temporary hardness and therefore removes the dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, therefore making the test unfair because at lower temperatures there was hardness in the water. From the results obtained it has been seen that the rate of reaction increases as the temperature increases, supporting my hypothesis in which I stated that As the temperature increases, so will the rate of reaction, but at higher temperatures the pattern (link) will break down (giving us unreliable results and the trend in the graph will show this). Therefore the Alka-Seltzer tablets dropped into the hottest water will dissolve the fastest. As you can see from the graph, at 80i C the link breaks down, giving us a result that does not fit in with the general trend of results. This is not an anomalous result and there is a reason behind this. Things tend to go wrong at higher temperatures because at higher temperatures (60i C+) the dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate starts to decompose. This removes the temporary hardness and therefore removes the dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, therefore making the test unfair because at lower temperatures there was hardness in the water. The graph showing the time in seconds (rate of reaction), against the temperature shows the rate of reaction increasing with the temperature, and there is a curve that at first goes down steeply, but then becomes straighter. At 80i C the link breaks down, giving us an odd result, which can be explained by the fact that the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are removed due to the decomposing of the calcium hydrogen carbonate. As you can see from the graph and my table of results, the result obtained at 30i C is an anomalous result (i. e. it doesnt follow the general trend). This again supports my hypothesis in which I stated this by saying that the link would break down giving us unreliable results. The link did not break down at 60i C as I had stated that it would because that is only the temperature at which the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions started to decompose and once they had fully decomposed the results showed this. For the 1/time(s) against the temperature (i C) graph I got a straight line, which was the line of best fit. Again it shows how unreliable the results are at higher temperatures, as the results for 70i C and 80i C do not fit in.showing how the link breaks down due to dissolved substances in the water. This shows that the temperature is inversely proportional to the time. Also I predicted that as the temperature increased by 10i C the rate of reaction would approximately double. The results do not clearly show this happening, but I believe that it shows some signs of this happening. At 20i C the average time is 97. 5 seconds. When the temperature was increased to 30i C it approximately doubled (x 2. 17 to 3 significant figures) to 45 seconds. However this is an anomalous result and should be higher. Even so, this still supports my prediction. The next result obtained is for 40i C, which is 37 seconds. There is no sign of the rate doubling (x 1. 22 to 3 significant figures), but if we take into account that the previous result should have been higher, then it would appear to approximately double. From here onwards it does not double for every 10i C. This is due to my theory (scientific background knowledge) that things go wrong at higher temperatures due to the decomposing of calcium hydrogen carbonate at temperatures of 60i C and above. Evaluation: I have obtained a reliable set of results, with repeats of the evidence obtained. An accurate procedure was used, with this being shown by the results obtained which all agree with each other. By using a burette, it allowed me to work up to a very accurate degree of accuracy, rather than simply using a beaker or a measuring cylinder. However, I did use a measuring cylinder for repeat results and this did not seem to affect my results. I obtained one set of anomalous results. These were obtained for a temperature of 30i C and did not fit in with the general trend. According to the best-fit line on my graph, the rate of reaction should have been longer and it should have taken about 58 seconds for the Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve in water with a temperature of 30i C. A reason for me obtaining this anomalous result could have been due to the fact that whilst the reaction was taking place the 100ml beaker was still in the water bath. This would have caused the temperature to rise slowly and slowly increase the rate while the tablets were dissolving, therefore causing more collisions and increasing the rate. This did not happen however at higher temperatures, because the temperature of the water bath was about the same, and so it did not really have much effect, and it just kept the temperature constant (i. e. stopped it rising or falling). Although I tried my best to make the experiment perfect there were some unavoidable inaccuracies with the experiment. Firstly, when testing lower temperatures, the temperature of the water bath, which was much higher than the actual temperature being tested, caused a rapid increase in the temperature, or if it were lower it would cause it to decrease rapidly, especially when taken off the Bunsen. These gave us results for inaccurate temperatures to which were we testing. To overcome this problem, a thermostatic water bath would need to have been used, since it can be set to a certain temperature, and it will stop when it reaches there. Also it would mean that the solution inside it would reach the exact temperature or close to it. , and not increase or decrease once the water inside it has reached equilibration. Secondly, it was impossible to say when exactly the Alka-Seltzer tablets had completely dissolved and consistently decide this for every result obtained. This was a huge flaw in the experiment and affected the results in a big way. To overcome this problem a special piece of apparatus would be needed to decide exactly when they had dissolved each time and give us the same measure of consistency each time. To improve the quality of the results, the same piece of apparatus would have needed to be used throughout the whole experiment, and not changed for repeat results. To extend my inquiry and provide additional evidence for this experiment, I think that I could have investigated up to higher temperatures and see how the link would break down, and how the results would fit in with the trend of results. Also, it would have helped me to see how the decomposing of the dissolved substances affected the results. To improve the experiment and make it fair, distilled water should have been used instead of tap water because it is purer than tap water and does not contain impurities.

Culture in the Poem Blessing :: Imtiaz Dharker

The title of the poem is ''Blessing'' and the poet is called Imtiaz Dharker. In my essay I will be looking at how the poet describes a culture different from our own and explaining how the poet brings this culture to life through his use of poetic techniques. The poem is set in a third world country which is in desperate need for water. A municipal pipe bursts and suddenly there is a flurry of people rushing to get that much desired water. The title of the poem is very significant. The title penetratingly outlines how precious they view the water to be. He does this by titling the poem ''Blessing''. Water is something which most people take for granted, so by making this the title he emphasizes the value they place upon the water. The poet highlights how much value they place upon the water in the fourth stanza when the pipe bursts by using word choice. ''As their blessings sing'' is the quote from the poem and the effect of this is that it gives you a sense of harmony. The words sum up a peaceful ending for the last two stanzas where the mood of the poem changes from desperation to the contrast of greatfulness. The poet has chosen the phrase ''blessings sing'' as when put together it has conitations of bountful amounts of happiness which accuratly shows their joy and relief they would of felt in that moment of time. I think the poet has used this quote to symbolise the end of a struggle which turned into a celebratio n and the word ''sing'' to create the passion for the villagers in that moment. The poet uses examples of imagery in this poem. The poet uses a simile in the first line of the first stanza to start off the poem. The simile she uses is ''the skin cracks like a pod''. The opening of the poem gives a clear message that something is severely wrong. A pod cracks with barely any resistance so the comparison to the skin is a unreserved statement outlining how easily the skin is. There is obviously a drought or a vast undersupply of water. The opening surprises the reader and gives an indication of what is to come. The poet uses a short and abrupt line which is effective The poet uses a effective metaphor in the second stanza of the poem, ''a roar of tongus''. Culture in the Poem Blessing :: Imtiaz Dharker The title of the poem is ''Blessing'' and the poet is called Imtiaz Dharker. In my essay I will be looking at how the poet describes a culture different from our own and explaining how the poet brings this culture to life through his use of poetic techniques. The poem is set in a third world country which is in desperate need for water. A municipal pipe bursts and suddenly there is a flurry of people rushing to get that much desired water. The title of the poem is very significant. The title penetratingly outlines how precious they view the water to be. He does this by titling the poem ''Blessing''. Water is something which most people take for granted, so by making this the title he emphasizes the value they place upon the water. The poet highlights how much value they place upon the water in the fourth stanza when the pipe bursts by using word choice. ''As their blessings sing'' is the quote from the poem and the effect of this is that it gives you a sense of harmony. The words sum up a peaceful ending for the last two stanzas where the mood of the poem changes from desperation to the contrast of greatfulness. The poet has chosen the phrase ''blessings sing'' as when put together it has conitations of bountful amounts of happiness which accuratly shows their joy and relief they would of felt in that moment of time. I think the poet has used this quote to symbolise the end of a struggle which turned into a celebratio n and the word ''sing'' to create the passion for the villagers in that moment. The poet uses examples of imagery in this poem. The poet uses a simile in the first line of the first stanza to start off the poem. The simile she uses is ''the skin cracks like a pod''. The opening of the poem gives a clear message that something is severely wrong. A pod cracks with barely any resistance so the comparison to the skin is a unreserved statement outlining how easily the skin is. There is obviously a drought or a vast undersupply of water. The opening surprises the reader and gives an indication of what is to come. The poet uses a short and abrupt line which is effective The poet uses a effective metaphor in the second stanza of the poem, ''a roar of tongus''.

Cultural Context Essay

Even though construction is usually considered as originally the activity of men and machines in digging, moving, shaping, erecting, and so forth, the relative use of building materials by the construction industry far exceeds its share in the gross domestic product. Specifically is construction of great significance for that special class of materials – sometimes called as the â€Å"physical-structure† materials, which made major things of human civilization. Out of these â€Å"physical-structure† materials the more or less long-lasting and reliably shaped are wood and concrete. They are basic building materials for thin-shell roof construction, walls, tanks, large-diameter pipes, runways, highway bridges and many other structures. Main Body Concrete is related to the most significant building technologies in twentieth and the early twenty first century. However, other important building materials, such as wood, also figure in the construction picture. The poured method of concrete building has been so improved that buildings of this material are now erected as rapidly as a wood structure. Engineering departments all over the world are now prepared to assist engineers, architects and builders to apply concrete and wood to their construction work. Increasingly in the beginning of the twentieth century, when builders were asked how they should build the foundation possessing good physical strength, their answer was – concrete. Either by placing the steel frame upon concrete foundations or by placing it upon a more spacious concrete raft foundation, architectural constructors in most cases complement steel with concrete as a problem-solving building material. By reinforcing concrete with steel rods, or by using steel machinery to form concrete blocks as prefabricated building blocks, builders further diversified their architectural techniques. The most approved composition of concrete for general construction consists of a mixture of broken limestone, granite or clean screened mixture of rock fragments, clean coarse sand and cement, in such proportions that the voids between the stone are completely filled by the sand and the voids in the sand completely filled with cement, with a slight excess of cement to guarantee a perfect connection with the stone. To create top-quality concrete, manufacturers need equally high-grade cement. By 1900 approximately three-quarters of that material was Portland cement, named after the tiny island of Portland in the U. K. where a desirable limestone used in its manufacture was descovered. In 1824 Joseph Aspdin, from Leeds, was the first to provide the world with Portland cement, but after 1872 the material was produced in the United States and its popularity spread rapidly (Collins, 1998). At the 1876 Philadelphia Exhibition, American Portland cement was displayed to the public as a useful and practical building material, but production only began in earnest in 1880 and domestic cement only began to overtake European imports in 1897, by which time American machinery for crushing aggregate and making concrete had also begun to substitute European machines, even in Europe itself (American Exporter, 1906, 58 (3), pp. 79-87). Wood structures can be constructed more quickly and inexpensively than other kinds. Wood still is used for finish flooring in the living areas of about four out of five homes, although plastic tiles and other materials are gaining ground. Flooring generally involves both the visible flooring and a subflooring. Most frame houses utilize boards for subflooring, but plywood is gaining ground. In buildings which use concrete beams, concrete flooring slabs are generally poured right along with the beams. Steel structures may be floored with poured concrete or with precast concrete or gypsum slabs. Roofs of houses, which have a timber framework and cladding, are likely to have as the foundation wooden board, plywood, or composition planking. However, the current general tendency in home building toward flat, or low-pitched, roofs has led to a partial shift from tile, wood, and asbestos tiles to concrete materials and poured concrete. Because of its important role in residential buildings, wood does only slightly less well than concrete. Although its relative cost has increased with time, it is still the most popular building material all over the world. The open-grained wood of any of numerous coniferous trees, such as pine and cedar, as distinguished from that of a dicotyledonous tree, enters the English home as framing, siding, shingles, finishing panels, sash, millwork, and boarding, used to cover the wall studding or roof joists of a timber frame; the wood of any of numerous broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees, such as oak, beech, ash, etc. – principally as flooring, material used for making panels, and trim. In non-residential buildings, wood is put to practice as the most widely used building material for concrete formwork, railroad ties, telephone poles, railings, fences, and many other purposes (BLAIRSLTD). The chief advantages of wood in construction industry include its ease of production and of process by which wood is packaged and transported, its low thermal conductivity, and its strength-to-weight ratio (which is greater than that of cast iron and is identical to that of the stronger concretes) (Rowell 9). Yet, because of its peculiar weaknesses as an organic material, such as vulnerability to fungi and various insects, its relative lack of versatility in terms of design, and its long-term rise in price in comparison with concrete, the relative role of wood as a building material may to some degree decrease in the future, and further replacement may be projected. If considered as a structural material in large building construction, wood has already been largely replaced by concrete framing, brick or concrete walls, and concrete floors. This trend will probably continue in the future. On the other part, wood framing probably will retain its dominating position in the residential building, although giving way a bit to steel, concrete, perhaps aluminium, and sandwich panel method of building. The advantages of metal roof frameworks are gradually reducing the amount of wood required for roof structures. Moreover, for exterior trimming wood is being increasingly substituted by brick exterior and by panels of such building materials as asbestos, metal, and organic materials with a polymeric structure. Dry wall building and the utilisation of gypsum plasterboard and of metal lath are also considerably lessening the need for wood. The most important role for wood is probably in finished flooring, but there are modern trends toward replacement of composition and various types of synthetic materials even in living areas. Wood, like steel, is yielding to aluminum as the leading building material for window frames, door frames, doorways, trim, and other such purposes. In concrete building the formwork is tending change from wood to steel and plywood and also to plastics. Growing popularity of plywood and of laminated structural members may slow down the trend away from wood. Laminated wood arches, structural frameworks of wood, and roof systems have proved appropriate for spanning distances up to 120 feet, and, because of their attractive and pleasant appearance, are today in frequent use in the building of churches and temples, buildings for public gatherings or meetings, shopping areas, and the similar places. Plywood, which to some degree possesses more physical strength than lumber, may replace lumber in almost any of its uses; it is already extensively used in subflooring, boarding, interior panelling, concrete forms, and so forth. Thus, it may be expected to grow in total use at almost twice the rate predicted for lumber. Use of concrete in building is constantly increasing today. It is a changeable mixture of portland cement, fine aggregates (almost always sand), and coarse aggregates (crushed stone, gravel, cinder, slag, or whatever else is available within a particular area). The proportions of these ingredients are influenced by the particular use to which the concrete is to be intended, but they are at most times 1:2:4. As can be seen, cement is the minor component in this mixture. The fact that concrete is the most extensively used building material can be explained by its advantages related to wood among which are versatility, its high breaking strength relative to bricks and other kinds of masonry materials, the low price which makes it comparatively inexpensive material relative to structural steel, and in essence the presence of concrete components almost in all areas (Classic Encyclopaedia). The main uses of concrete in England are in dams, water tanks, pipes and sewers, heavy walls, piers, caissons, columns, and road and sidewalk pavements. In addition, concrete is utilised in the form of units cast in a particular form before being used in building, such as concrete blocks and cast stone, whose principal advantage over wood, brick, and structural tile is that they are costing relatively little. Because of the low flexural strength of concrete, it is combined with steel in most of its construction applications (Classic Encyclopaedia). This combination is made possible by the match of coefficients of thermal expansion of these materials. The amount of reinforcing steel – rods, wire, wire-mesh, and so forth – needed for a concrete structure is only one-third to one-half the amount needed for a similar completely steel structure. In England, the possibilities of this technique of construction are just beginning to extend its use beyond massive complex constructions. The chief disadvantages of reinforced concrete (also known as ferroconcrete or armoured concrete) in comparison with structural steel are the time and costs of construction, even if one takes account of the applying paints to the surface of steel members and their trimming. It is costly to build and remove forms, shores, and temporary metal or wooden frameworks. Most of the developments, which been made not long ago, in methods of concrete building are somehow related to reducing expense on forms, First, as an alternative to the traditional lumber and plywood, steel – and more recently, plastic with fibrous matter to confer additional strength – forms have been experimented. Plastics are especially showing great promise, in view of the fact that they are smooth and easily utilised, able to keep water, may be given extraordinary shapes, and may be use again and again from fifteen to twenty times. Second, â€Å"slip-form† pavers have been successfully employed in laying road pavements (Green 1-2). Third, precasting of concrete members has been used as a mass production technique and to provide solid and robust in construction, more unchanging in form concrete, but presents some transportation problems. Fourthly, so-called tilt-up construction and lift-slab construction has permitted walls, floors, and columns to be poured on a horizontal surface and then either tilted or lifted into place. Finally, able to be used more than once, adjustable length steel trusses have removed the need for the multiple strengthening which differently has to be placed under the conventional built-up forms. The faster such form-saving processes are improved and used by engineers and constructors, the faster steel concrete is likely to be used as a structural material. One more limitation of usual concrete is its low heat insulation value. That is why concrete walls are occasionally of a non-load bearing, sandwich type, being composed of a layer of insulating material cast between two concrete slabs. In this application, concrete is to a serious degree threatened by other types of curtain walls, including various types of sandwiches. Alternative way to give concrete protecting properties is to make it with relatively light weight aggregates – such as vermiculite, expanded clay, and so forth. In this form, it not any more has sufficient quality of being physically strong to be used for load bearing purposes, although it has been very well utilised in long-span roof building. Prestressed concrete has gotten great significance as a building material. The basic characteristic of prestressed concrete is that, by compressing concrete and keeping it under compression, the tensile stresses caused by loads are neutralized (CEMENT). The compression is accomplished by casting the concrete around stretched rods or cables, the tension on which is released as the concrete sets. A prestressed beam needs only one-fourth the weight of the steel and one-half the weight of concrete which is needed to support the same load by a usual reinforced concrete member. Although it was patented by a San Francisco engineer in 1886, prestressed concrete did not emerge as an accepted and effective building material until a half-century later. Since then it had been intensively used in Europe for structural purposes. Up to the present moment, prestressed concrete’s applications have been limited mostly to pipes, tanks, runways, and from time to time highway bridges. As engineers and constructors gain experience and manage to reduce the manufacturing expenses, prestressing may become competitive with steel and with reinforced concrete building. After weighing up all the factors, the trend is more toward a substitution of concrete for other building materials than of other building materials for concrete. The use of portland cement which is made by heating a slurry of clay and crushed chalk should more than double in the next decades, may presumably triple, and at its lowest is expected to become greater by at least one-third.

Sexual Harassment And Gender Inequality - 2146 Words

Social inequality is a pressing issue in society today. It is a problem that is embedded deeply in society and has a harmful and negative impact. It creates an uneven distribution of resources and opportunities in society thereby causing people to be marginalized. There are many categories associated with social inequality. Examples include race, ethnicity, age, gender, power and social class. This paper will examine gender inequality in society. Using an article from the Toronto Star, I will focus on sexual harassment as an issue of gender inequality in the workplace and the impact it has had on the self-esteem as well as opportunities and achievements of women. Gender Inequality can be defined as the unequal treatment and prejudice of a person on the basis of sex and gender roles. Sexual harassment is further defined as any unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favours of verbal, gestural or physical nature and with objectionable overtones which cause discomfort, humiliati on, fear or anger (I.L.O, 1958). Gender Inequality is mostly affected by women. In the workplace, schools, political positions and even in families, women are seen as the inferior sex. In Canadian history, it was not until the 1900s women were given equal rights to vote and the 1920s before a woman was elected in parliament. 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