The Four Forces of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Four Forces of Evolution - Essay Example In evolution, the population has a greater significance because it refers to the change in the characteristics of a population over many generations and not the individual change during their lifetimes (Fogiel 908). As stated earlier, an individual cannot evolve but a population can as allelic frequencies (genetic make up and the expression of the developmental potential) of a given population can change over time. This is called microevolution which accounts for the diversity of life on earth. But when do we become aware of evolution and how do we began to understand its concept? The molecular basis of evolution started with the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules in 1953. Through biological reproduction, each living organisms inherit a combination of genes from biological parents and creates a unique new individual (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 27). Aside from this biological reproduction, creation theories from different religions around the world also expl ains the diversity of life. ... Mutation is the random alteration of genetic material that produces new variation (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 40). With random mutations or variation, population can change over time in accordance with the changes that occurred in the environment because the creation of a new allele may create a modified protein for a new biological task. In humans, for instance, the only possible evolutionary mutations occurred in sex cells when mistakes occur during copying and cell division. Thus, this is in contrary with the layman’s conception of mutation and evolution as mutations and evolutions arise continuously in all species. Mutations have positive and negative effects but most of it are neutral in nature. Some of the negative effects are the results of the presence of mutant genes, a gene abnormality that leads to certain hereditary disorders like muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, Parkinson’s disease, etc. While cellular mutations directly involve genetic factors, e nvironmental factors may also play a vital role in the occurrence of mutation. Antibiotics, dyes, chemicals used in the preservation of food, and radiation are just a few examples. Research also suggests that the amount of stress a human can endure increases the mutation traits needed for adaptation (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 40). Meanwhile, genetic drift refers to the evolutionary force of chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 41). In short, this refers to the changes at the population level because of â€Å"chance events† such as disasters that can kill a greater number of population. A perfect example of genetic drift is the founder effects – a case that

World Hunger Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Hunger - Assignment Example In addition to approaching the issue from the sociological imagination there are a number of key issues researchers must consider. This essay presents a broad sociological overview of the primary issues surrounding world hunger. While a great degree of altruism through government donations and non-profit organizations have attempted to solve world hunger through direct food donations, it’s clear that this is only a short-term solution to a long-term problem. Instead, solving world hunger requires that government organizations worked towards aiding developing nations through building infrastructure and improving overall economics. One of the main points within this spectrum of understanding is that there is not a lack of food to feed individuals, but rather a lack of infrastructure and structural efficiency to see that the found makes its way to the right people. Consider this statement, â€Å"As shown in the Genetically Engineered Food and Human Population sections on this we b site, people are hungry not due to lack of availability of food, but because people do not have the ability to purchase food and because distribution of food is not equitable† (Shaw).